Unless the mixture process is under control, you should avoid mixture of:
Remember that substance reactive can vary strongly according to particle size, impurity and moisture content.
| Examples of normal used oxidation remedy (easy reducible substance). | |
| Free halogenes (chlor, brom and iod) | Chrom sulphuric acid |
| Perchlorsyre and perchlorater | Smoking and konc. nitric acid |
| Periodacid and periodater | Chromtrioxid |
| Chlorater | Smoking and konc. sulphuric acid |
| Hypochloriter, bromiter | Chlorsulfosyre |
Peroxider, organic for instance: Dibenzoylperoxid m-chlorperbenzoacid | Peroxider, inorganic for instance: Hydrogenperoxid (brintoverilte) Natrium and bariumperoxid Sodium sulphate |
| Bleachwater | Sulfurylchlorid |
| Permanganater | Ozon |
| Mangandioxid ("brunsten") | Nitrate |
| Dichromater | Nitriter |
Examples of normal used reductionremedy (easy oxidised substance). | |
| Chlor hydrogen, chlorider | Hydrazin(-hydrat, -sulfit) |
| Iod hydrogen, Iodider | Metalsalt (ferro-, chromo-, stanno-) |
| Sulphur dioxide (svovlsyrling) | Metals (litium, sodium, potassium, zinc) |
| Sulfiter | Phenoler (hydrokinon, pyrogallol) |
| Natriumdithionit ("natriumhydrosulfit") | Aromatic amine (anilin, aminophenol) |
Organic connection in general, particularly: Methanol Ethanol Formaldehyde Acetalaldehyd Formic acid | Metalhydrider: Sodium-, Litium-, Natriumbor-, Lithiumaluminium |
NB: Ethanol and concentrated or smoking nitric acid may not be used to cleaning of glasses because of the potentially explosive.
The warning particularly applies to concentrated acid and base.
| The most common concentrated acid are: | |
| Flusacid og liquid fluor hydrogen | Chlorsulfonacid |
| Saltacid, conc. (smoking) | Nitric acid, conc. og smoking |
| Perchloracid (chloroveracid, conc. | Phosphoracid, conc., polyphosphoracid |
| Brom hydrogen acid, conc. | Phosphorpentoxid (Phosphorsyreanhydrid) |
| Sulphuric acid, conc. | Eddikeacid, conc., ice ethanoic acid ~ 99 % |
| Sulphuric acid, smoking (olium) | Ethanoic acid anhydrid |
| Sulphurictrioxid (Sulphuric acid anhydrid) | formic acid, conc. |
| The most common concentrated bases are: | |
| Natriumhydroxid, fixed ("kaustisk soda", "ætsnatron") | Bariumhydroxid, fixed |
| Natriumhydroxid, 33% ("natronlud", "sæbesyrelud") | Aminer (for instance triethylamin, 40 %; anilin) |
| Kaliumhydroxid, fixed ("kaustisk kali", ætskali") | Ammonia, water free |
| Caliumoxid ("burned lime") | Ammonia water, conc. |
| Caliumhydroxid ("hydrate lime") | Hydrazin, hydrazinhydrat |
| Salt of weak, volatile acid as: Florider, sulfider, nitriter, cyanider and karbonater. | |
Water-sensitive substances react with water, often generating a lot of heat and often generating gases. The substances must be poured slowly and carefully into the water and NEVER the other way around, when mixing.
Examples of such substances are:
Develop hydrogen or hydrocarbon (for instance methan and butan) with water (explosion-, fire- and poisoning risk). |
| Alkalimetals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) |
| Earthalkalimetals (Ca) |
| Methalhydrider (for instance LiH, NaH, CaH2, LiAlH4, NaAl(OR)2H2 |
| Metalalkyler (for instance CH3Li, C4H9Li, CH3MgX) |
Develop inflammable, flammable or toxic volatile with water or diluted acid (explosion-, fire- and poisoning risk). |
| Carbides |
| Silicides |
| Phosfides |
| Sulphides |
| Tellurides |
| Selenides |
| Arsenides |
| Nitrides |
| Syrechlorides |
| Cyanides |
| Azides |
| Mixing or reacting with water causing large heat generation |
| Concentrated acid (sulphuric acid) |
Acid anhydrides:(sulphurictrioxid, Phosphorpentoxid, vinegar acid anhydrid) |
| Syrechlorides: (thionylchlorid, sulfurylchlorid, phosphoroxychlorid, phosphortrichlorid, phosphorpentachlorid, stannichlorid, acetylchlorid, benzoylchlorid) |
| Water-free salts (aluminiumchlorid, ferrichlorid, calciumchlorid) |
| Concentrated bases (fixed alkalihydroxider, burned lime) |
Be mixture poured the chemicals slowly and carefully in the water.